Building construction



. Nov. 4, 1941.7. M. D. BISHQP 2,261,640

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed May 3, 1940 2 sheets-sheen LA, "T

INVENTOR. o MERLED. .B/sHoP ATTORNEY Nov. 4, 1941.

l INVENTOR.

2 MERLE D. B/sf/op r 2 BY U ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 4, 1941 UNITED sTATEs ,PATENT OFFICE 4 Claims.

This invention relates to building construction and more particularly to an assembly of particular units of building material, Ythe pieces of which maybe made at a mill and fabricated into building construction with facility and economy.

Among the objects of the invention are to provide an assembly of board building construction units in which the parts are relatively contoured and arranged so that a building `may be constructedy strongly, eciently and economically without employment of studding or roof rafters. Another object is to provide a board building structure, from which the usual skeleton frame may be eliminated. A further object is to provide an assembly of fabricated building units coordinated to give strength and rigidity to a building, and portions of which may be .pre-assembled in pre-fabricated units.

With the foregoing and other objects in view,

the invention consists in the arrangement and mechanical cooperation of parts herein described, and in the structure fabricated therefrom, it being understood that variations in the form, proportion, size and details of construction of the individual elements may be resorted to within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

To more clearly comprehend the invention, reference is directed to the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a vertically transverse view, partly in section, of a representative type of construction employing the invention, wherein a wall is parallel to roof eaves.

Fig. 2 is a vertically transverse section of an employment of elements of the invention, wherein a wall is perpendicular to roof eaves, the interior wall being shown in fragment.

Fig. 3 is an enlargement of part of structure shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 4 is also an enlargement of part of structure shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinally transverse section of a cornerjoining of wall-members.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged transverse horizontal section showing detail of wall construction. 1

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary transverse vertical section of a double-hung window construction.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary vertical transverse section of easement window construction.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary perspective'view of one form of header plate.

Referring to the drawings in which like charin the several views, I is a foundation of suit'- able material such as poured cement having reinforcing rods II, and tie bolt I2 which holds mud sill I3 longitudinally of the foundation.

Underpinning I4 is provided with a header I5 upon which joist stringer I6 rests. Floor joists v Il extend transversely under any suitable flooring I1, A water table I8 may be employed spaced the usual distance adjacent the foundal0 tion. As described thus far, the structure may be entirely conventional. The milled pieces for supporting side and end' walls are of elongated boards I9 which are relatively thick as compared to their width. For purposes of substantial construction under this invention, it has been found eflicient if the wall boards I9 are of a thickness of 1%v inches by a width of 'l1/6 inches. The boards I9 have a tongue-20 and groove 2I at respective opposite longitudinal edge faces, the

tongue and groove being of a widthtoaccommo- 0 board transversely centrally in its original conf vdition without dowel recessesl therethrough so as not to weaken the wall throughout a line defined by a continuous tie rod or dowel pin, which would be the case if the dowel pin was continuous through a plurality of juxtaposed boards I9.

The holes 23 receive dowel pins 22. The relative thickness and width of the boards I9 and the doweling thereof permits the fabrication of buildings of ordinary size with a total elimination 5 of studding or other skeleton frame. Theboards I9 may be vertically erected by securing them to the Stringer I6v in any suitable manner, such as by nailing and when in vertical position, in dowelled edge-to-edge relationship, they are capped by a header plate 24'which is of suiilcient length to `:ap a plurality of the boards I9, and preferably of a length to extend from one end to the other of a wall. The header plate is provided at one face with a groove 25, the groove being of sufficient width to snugly receive the ends of boards I9. Where the header plate receives bearing of a roof of inclined plane, as in Fig. 1,the opposite or upper face 26 of the header plate is inclined at substantially an angle similar to that of the roof, an incline of approximately 20*7 to the horizontal being normally satisfactory. This provides a header plate narrowed at an outer sidev 21, and broader at the inner side 28, so that when siding 29 -is employed acters of reference indicate corresponding parts to cover the boards I9, such siding may extend y normal angle.

closely adjacent the roof, and the inner side 28 of the header plate may have formed integrally therewith a molding for decorative purposes on the inside of a room. Where juncture of roof and side wall is normal in transverse section, as in Fig. 9, the upper face 26a conforms to the The boards i9 overlap at the corners of structures and may be secured by nails or by screws as at 30.. At the corners a suitable corner molding 3| may also be employed if desired. The roof boards I8* are also preferably formed of similar thickness and width and lwith similar doweling as the side wall boards I9, such construction eliminating roof rafters. The roof boards I9 are inclined and at their adjacent opposing ends they are connected by an elonthe inner wall parallels the side wall with the inclined header plate, or parallels the end walls with the normal header plate.

By this type of structure, buildings of very substantiai size and rigid construction may be prepared in knock-down form with holes drilled for receiving screws instead of nails for fastening the parts together; it may be readily erected at any cleats lightly nailed thereto as at 45, and

gated ridge member 32 normal to the longitu-V dinal dimension of the boards. The ridge member. 32 has converging or keystone sides 33 which are of a depth similar to the thickness of the roof boards IB. At the lower or converging end of the sides 33 the ridge member is iiared outwardly providing an angle 34 to receive and Asupport the lower edge of the roof-board end,

4and iiexible roofing paper 38.' The boards I9 and I9l may be secured to their respective bearing supports in any suitable manner, such as by nails 39. If it is desired to eliminate the header plate at end walls the boards .I8 of such walls may be nailed ory screwed directly to the transverse floor joists il at the bottom and to the side edge of the end roof board. However, it is preferred that headerplate as shown in Fig. 9 be employed, especially if it is desired that the roof be provided with an overhanging eave beyond the end wall, as-the use of such header plate adds greatly 1 to the rigidity of the structure and provides uniform interior molding finish on all walls.

vIn Fig. 9, due to the normal reaction of the upper face of the.- header plate, the inner and outer side walls 21, 2l of the plate will 'be substantially similar.

Windows and doors of suitable type may be provided in connection with such construction assembly. The frame of the doors and the casing of the windows are formed of strip material which is T-sha'ned in cross-section with the stem Il of the Tdelineating the window casing or the door frame, and the integral -crossbar Il ofthe T overlapping the sash of the window, or the door proper; in either case. having one leg of shipped to point of us'e where they may be erected as single units, the header plates mounted there-` on and the ridge member installed, the parts being secured by pre-bored screw holes andy thus a complete and rigid building structure constructed at a minimum of expense of both material and labor. Experience has demonstrated that this type of fabricated structure and the ase sembly of parts therefor is entirely practical for rooms in which there are walls not exceeding approximately forty-five feet in length or width.

Structures have actually been built employing the assembly parts herein described and have been approved by building regulating departments or bureaus in cities having a high stand-- holes transversely therein registering relatively the crossbar overlying the junction of the wall roofas above described, such inner wallsmay V f employ thesame type of header plate as is employed with the outer walls dependent on Whether in opposed edges of adjacent boards, said recessed holes extending a portion of the way only transversely of the width of the board, leavinga cen-` trally transverse longitudinal portion of the board free of such recessed holes, dowel members for fitting in' said holes and extending from Within header plate adapted for extending along the uppermost edges of the side exterior wall boards, .l

said plate having in its lower face a groove of a width for snugly receiving the uppermost edge of the exteriorv wall boards, the upper face of said header plate being inclined transversely t) the groove, a ridge rafter having downwardly converging keystone sides flared outwardly adjacent its'base and providing a shoulder for supporting an end of juxtaposed roof boards, and

vroof boards having one end portion secured to saidplate and the other end abutting the key-l stone sides of the ridge' rafter and resting on the nally a tongue at one edge and a groove at the opposite edge, the respective tongue and groove of adjacent boards interfitting, the wall boards being of suiiicient thickness to furnish the wall support for the roof, the opposite edge faces of said boards having a plurality of holes recessed therein transversely and substantially in the plane ofthe tongue and groove portions thereof, said holes registering relatively in opposed edges 0f adjacent. boards, said recessed holes extending a portion of the way only transversely of the width of the board leaving a centrally transverse ceiving the uppermost edge o! the exterior wall boards, the upper face of said header plate being inclined transversely to the groove, a longitudinalside of the plate having integral mold. ings thereon to provide an integral interior iinish molding, a ridge raiter having downwardly converging keystone sides iiared outwardly adjacent the base and providing a shoulder for supporting an end oi juxtaposed root boards, and roof boards having one end portion secured to said plate and the other end abutting thekeystone sides of the ridge rafter and resting on the shoulder of the said rafter.

3. A fabricated building adapted for portability, including exterior wall boards and roof boards, said wall and roo! boards 1 comprising elongated boards having longitudinally a tongue at one edge and a groove at the opposite edge, the respective tongue and groove .oi' adJacent board edges inter-fitting, the wall boards being of sumcient thickness to furnish the wall support for the roof, the opposite edge iaces of both wall and rooi boards having a plurality of holes recessed transversely therein registering relatively in opposed edges of adjacent boards, said recessed holes extending a portion of the way only transversely of the width of the board leaving a central transverse longitudinal portion ot the board free of such recessed holes, dowel mem- -bers for fitting in said holes and extending from within one board into an adjacent board, an elongated header plate adapted for extending along the uppermost edge of the side exterior wall boards, said platehaving in its lower face a groove of a width for snugly receiving the uppermost edge of the exterior wall boards, the upper lace of said plate being inclined transversely to y the groove, a ridge rafterhaving downwardly converging keystone sides ilared outwardly adjacent its base and providing a shoulder for supporting an end of juxtaposed roof boards, said roof boards having one end portion secured to said plate and the other end abutting the keystone sides of the ridge rafter and resting on the shoulder of the said raiter.

4. A fabricated building adapted for portability, having exterior walls-of vertically disposed boards. and having roof boards supported thereby, said wall and roof boards being (elongated and each having longitudinally a tongue at one edge and a groove at the opposite edge, the wall boards being of suilicient thickness to furnish the wall support for the roof, the opposite edge faces yof both wall androof boards having a plurality of holes recessed therein transversely and substantially in the plane of the tongue and groove portions thereof, said holes registering relatively in opposed edges o! adjacent boards,

said recessed holes extending a portion of the way only transversely of the width of the board leaving `a'centrally transverse longitudinal portion of the board free of such recessed holes, dowel members for fitting in said holes and ex tending from within one board into an adjacent board, an elongated header plate adapted for extending along the tops of exterior wall boards, and having in its lower face a groove of a width for snugly receiving the upper ends o! the wall boards, the upper tace of said plate being inclined transversely to the groove, a ridge raiter having downwardly converging keystone sides ared outwardly adidacent the base and providing a shoulder for supporting an end of juxtaposed roof boards, said roof boards being of sufficient thickness to be self-supporting and having one end portion secured to said plate and the other end abuttingv the and resting on the shoulder of the said rafter.

MERLE D. BISHOP.

keystone sides of the ridge ruiter 

